National Movement: Gandhian Era

A. Choose the correct answer and fill in the blanks.

1. b; 2. a; 3. b; 4. 1928; 5. c

B. Match the columns.

1. c; 2. d; 3. e; 4. a; 5. b

C. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate word.

1. Ahmedabad

2. indigo farmers

3. 1919

4. 1923

5. Quit India Movement

D. State whether true or false. If false, correct the statement.

1. F(correct: According to the Rowlatt Act, any person could be arrested and jailed

without any trial.) 

2. F(correct: Satyagraha was one of the firsts mass movements.)

3. T

4. T

 5. T 

E. Answer the following questions in 10-20 words.

1. Mahatma Gandhi launched the Non-cooperation Movement in 1920.

2. The Simon Commission was boycotted to protest against the exclusion of Indians

from the commission which was to carry out administrative reforms.

3. The Civil Disobedience Movement was launched in 1930.

4. The Mountbatten plan proposed for the division of India into two independent

nations—The Indian Union and Pakistan.

5. The Indian Independence Act was passed on 14 July 1947 and India became

independent on 15 August 1947.

F. Answer the following questions in 50-70 words.

1. After Turkey’s defeat by the allied powers during World War I, the Indian Muslims

formed a Khilafat committee under the leadership of the Ali brothers Maulana

Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali, Maulana Azad and Hakim Ajmal Khan. Its

purpose was to organise a countrywide agitation. Gandhi and the Congress viewed

the Khilafat agitation as an opportunity for bringing the Hindus and the Muslims

together on the national front and decided to support it.

2. Three main constructive features of the Non-cooperation Movement were:

i. Promotion of Swadeshi particularly hand-spinning and weaving

ii. Removal of untouchability among Hindus

iii. Promotion of Hindu-Muslim unity

3. The Non-Cooperation Movement came to an abrupt end because of a violent

incident at Chauri Chaura, where the police opened fire on a mob of peasants. The

mob later burnt the thana where the policemen had taken shelter and twenty-two

policemen were killed. This resulted in the suspension of the Non-cooperation

Movement.

4. The Congress boycotted the Simon commission as it did not include any Indians.

When the commission arrived in India in February 1928, it was greeted with

country-wide hartal, demonstrations, and slogans such as ‘Simon go back’.

5. The Congress held its annual session in December 1929 at Lahore with Jawaharlal

Nehru as its president. The Lahore session declared complete independence or

poorna swaraj as its goal. Independence Day was celebrated all over India on 26

January 1930. And the Congress working committee authorised Mahatma Gandhi

to launch a programme of Civil Disobedience.

G. Answer the following questions 80-100 words.

1. As a result of the Non-Cooperation Movement, Swadeshi became popular, and

khadi soon became a symbol of freedom. Liquor shops and foreign cloth shops

were shunned. Huge bonfires of foreign cloth were organised all over the country

and people avoided law courts. The visit of the Prince of Wales was boycotted

and complete hartal was observed in Bombay on the day of his arrival. The Non-

cooperation contributed to national awakening and complete distrust towards the

foreign government.

People gained tremendous self-confidence and self-esteem. The national sentiment

reached the remotest corner of the land through this movement.

2. The demands of the Khilafat Committee and the Congress were merged into one

and the demands were as follows:

i. Surrendering all titles and honorary offices

ii. Resigning from nominated seats in local bodies

iii. Refusal to attend government or semi-government functions

iv. The gradual withdrawal of children from schools and colleges, aided, or

controlled by the government

v. Boycott of British courts by lawyers and litigants

vi. Boycott of elections to be held for the Councils as suggested by the reforms of

1919

vii. Boycott of foreign goods

3. Subhas Chandra Bose, the founder of the Indian National Army (Azad Hind Fauj)

believed in revolutionary methods to attain freedom. In March 1941 he organised

the famous Azad Hind Fauj or INA consisting of Indian soldiers who had been made prisoners of war in Singapore by the Japanese army. During the Second

World War, when the Japanese army started advancing towards India, the INA

soldiers joined the Japanese and entered India. He gave the slogan Chalo Dilli

(March to Delhi). But the Indian National Army had to surrender to the British

after the defeat of Japan in the Second World War.